شرح الحالة الشرطية الثالثة (If)

في الدرس الماضي قمنا بشرح حالات قاعدة (If) مع الأمثلة و التمارين، و في درس اليوم سنقوم بشرح الحالة الثالثة و الأخيرة من حالات (If) بكل سهولة، و سنقوم بتوضيح استخدامات الحالة الشرطية الثالثة مع الأمثلة و التمارين المجاب عنها لتحقيق أكبر قدر من الفهم للجميع.

الحالة الشرطية الثالثة Third conditional 

تستخدم الحالة الثالثة في قاعدة (If) لتعبر عن حدث مستحيل أو ندم ، أو تعبير عن أحداث تخيلية في الماضي و غير واقعية. و تأتي صيغة الجملة في الحالة الثالثة (If) كالآتي:

If + Past perfect , Subject +would have +P.P

أمثلة على الحالة الشرطية الثالثة (If):

- If I had known enough English, I would have passed the exam.

- لو كنت أعرف إنجليزي بالقدر الكافي، كنت نجحت في الامتحان.

- If I had had enough time, I would have visited my friend.

- لو كان لدي الوقت الكافي، كنت زرت صديقي.

- Sarah wouldn't have overslept if she had set the alarm clock.

- لو كانت سارة ضبطت منبهها، لم تكن نامت بهذا القدر الزائد.

- If they had played well, they would have won the match.

- لو كانوا لعبوا بشكل جيد، كانوا سيفوزون بالماتش.

- If you hadn't phoned, I wouldn't have known you were back from your holiday.

- لو لم تتصل بي، لم أكن لأعلم أنك عدت من إجازتك.

استخدام الحالة الشرطية الثالثة (If):

1- تستخدم (If) في الحالة الشرطية الثالثة لتعبر عن مواقف مفترضة و متخيلة في الماضي و غير حقيقية، مثل:

• If it had continued raining, the town would have flooded.
• If he hadn't got to the hospital so quickly, he might have died.

2- تستخدم (If) في الحالة الشرطية الثالثة لتعبر عن أمنيات و افتراضات في الماضي، مثل:

• If he had been taller, he would have been a basketball player.
• If it had been fine yesterday, I would have gone for a walk.

السؤال في الحالة الشرطية الثالثة:

What + would + subject + have done , if + Condition
What would have happened if .....

أمثلة على السؤال في الحالة الشرطية الثالثة:

• What would you have done if you won a lot of money?
• What would have happen if you had been a millionaire?

تمرين على الحالة الثالثة لـ (If)

أحضر ورقة و قلم و حاول أن تحل التمرين بنفسك، ثم تأكد من الإجابات الملحقة بآخر التمرين.

اختر الإجابة الصحيحة مما بين القوسين:

1- If I hadn't seen that movie last week, I ( would go - would have gone - had gone ) to see it with you yesterday.

2- If you ( haven't been - hadn't been - wouldn't been ) late, we wouldn't have missed the bus.

3- If you ( have returned - had returned - returned ) the money you owe me, I would have been able to go out last night.

4- If I ( have been - had been - would been ) born in a different country, I would have learned to speak a different language.

5- Sarah would have called you, if you ( have given - would given - had given ) her your number. 

6- If they had gone to bed early, they ( wouldn't have woken - hadn't have woken - wouldn't have woke ) up late.

7- Sarah wouldn't have met him if she ( hadn't come - haven't come - wouldn't come ) to London.

8- She ( wouldn't have done - wouldn't had done - haven't done ) it, if she had known you were ill.

9- If they ( have stopped - had stopped - would stopped ) to rest, they wouldn't have been so tired.

10- They would have been late, if they ( haven't taken - hadn't taken - wouldn't taken ) a taxi.

اجابات تمارين الحالة الثالثة (If):

1-	would have gone
2-	hadn't been
3-	had returned
4-	had been
5-	had given
6-	wouldn't have woken
7-	hadn't come
8-	wouldn't have done
9-	had stopped
10-	hadn't taken

 و بذلك نكون انتهينا من شرح حالات الجمل الشرطية كلها بانتهاء شرح الحالة الثالثة (If) و نتمنى أن يكون شرح حالات If مبسط و شامل لكل جوانب قاعدة If و الجمل الشرطية، و إذا كان لديكم أي اقتراحات او استفسارات يمكنكم وضعها في التعليقات و سنتشرف بإجابتها.